Your knee has four major ligaments. The knee ligament, called the anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL, connects the thigh bone, or femur, to the shin bone, or tibia. An ACL that is severely torn, may be surgically reconstructed with a graft, so that your thigh and shin bones are connected with the ligaments or tendons taken from another part of your leg. To do the procedure, the torn ACL is removed and the graft is attached through holes the surgeon drills in the thigh bone and the shin bone. After the graft is passed through the holes, it is held in place with screws or staples. Incisions in the skin are closed with stitches, tape or staples.
Теги: медицина медицинская анимация врач болезни разрыв связок

Acting like a pump, the human heart is a muscle that contracts and relaxes each time it beats. There are four heart compartments, or chambers. The upper two are the atria, and the lower two are ventricles. Blood comes into the chambers and is then pumped into the rest of the body to supply...
Теги: медицина медицинская анимация врач болезни

Normal blood clotting seals blood vessels damaged by an injury to help stop blood loss, but sometimes blood clots block blood and oxygen from flowing through a blood vessel. An embolus is a blood clot that breaks off, travels through the blood stream, gets stuck in a smaller blood vessel and blocks the blood supply. A thrombus is a blood clot that partially or completely blocks the vein or the artery. Blood clots may form more easily if your blood flows very slowly through your veins due to inactivity, heart disease or problems with your veins. Smoking and some medicines also increase your risk.
Теги: медицина медицинская анимация врач болезни тромбоз тромбоэмболия

The normal heartbeat begins with electrical impulses from the sinoatrial, or SA node, a group of specialized pacemaker cells in the right atrium. These impulses cause the atria to contract and push blood into the ventricles. The impulse travels down to a junction called atrioventricular, or AV node, it then moves to the ventricles, which contract and pump blood out to the lungs and the rest of the body. In people with atrial fibrillation, a chaotic electrical signal in the upper part of the heart produces a change in the heart rhythm. The atrial muscles quiver, electrical signals to the lower chambers of the heart are irregular, so that the heartbeat can be fast and irregular, and the heart may have more trouble pumping efficiently.
Теги: медицина медицинская анимация врач болезни аритмия

When scientists studied the composition of sprinters leg muscles, they found more specialized fibers, which are capable of contracting ten times faster than other muscle fibers. In a typical healthy adult these fast fibers comprise about half of all muscle fibers. In world-class sprinters these fast fibers make up more 80% of the muscle content. More fast fibers mean quicker muscle contractions and a faster athlete, thats their advantage.
Теги: медицина медицинская анимация врач болезни мышцы

The bones that make up the spinal column are called vertebrae. They are also named for their locations. The cervical vertibrae is in the neck, the thoracic vertebrae are in the upper back, and the lumbar vertebrae are in the lower back. The lower bottom of your spinal cord, called the sacrum and coccyx, make up your tailbone. Experiensing the back pain usually means you have injured the ligaments or muscles attached to the vertebrae. Common causes include twisting motions, poor pasture and overuse.
Теги: медицина медицинская анимация врач болезни позвоночник перелом позвоночника

Asthma is caused by inflammation or swelling of the lining of the airways of your childs lungs. In a child with asthma the lining of the airways is always a little inflamed, but when exposed to an infection, irritants, such as cold air, chemicals, perfume or smoke or allergens like dust or pollen, the lining of the airways swell, the airways contract and produce more mucus. These changes in the airway make it difficult for your child to move the air in or out of the lungs.
Теги: медицина медицинская анимация врач болезни аллергия аллергены астма

Medical Animation. Treatment of ear infections in children A middle ear infection is caused by swelling in the tube between the middle ear and a throat, called the Eustachian tube. Swelling traps fluid in the middle ear, allowing bacteria to grow and cause infection. Ear tubes may be recommended for a child with many ear infections. The plastic tubes are tiny and soft. They let air into the middle ear, while draining fluid out, which helps to reduce infections. A surgant places the tube using the microscope. Small cut is made in the ear drum and fluid drains out from the middle ear. The tube is put in the ear drum hole. About an hour after the surgery your child can go home. The tube stays in place without stitches, and most are slowly pushed out of the ear drums naturally, falling out of the ears 6-12 months after surgery.
Теги: медицина медицинская анимация ушные инфекции

When your childs immune system detects a harmful substance or infection, it responds to protect your childs body. Allergies occur when your immune system reacts to a harmless substance as if it were harmful. An allergic reaction does not occur with the first exposure to the substance, your childs body must have been exposed to it at least once before. After one allergic reaction, further contact with the substance produces another reaction. Substances that produce allergies are called allergens. Common ones include mold, animal dander, dust and dust mites, latex, medicines, insect stings and foods. Some allergens, like mold and pollen, are carried through the air. These allergens cause hay fever, and its symptoms of sneezing, watery eyes, and a stuffy or runny nose. Touching an irritant may cause allergic skin reactions. Common causes of a skin allergy include hair or skincare products, metals in jewelry, such as nickel, fabric dyes, and poison ivy. Symptoms include itching, swelling, and a rash or hives. Allergies can also cause wheezing, stomach cramps and diarrhea.
Теги: медицина медицинская анимация врач болезни аллергия аллергены астма

Your skin makes its own protection when oil glands produce natural oils. These oils are removed by soaps, which can make the skin dryer. Dry skin may be itchy, with flaking, peeling and scaling. Regular use of the uscented moisturizers and lotions helps to treat mild symptoms. The most effective and least expensive lotions contain lanoline, a natural oil, and no fragnances.
Теги: vpl 0072 001 01 kozha